Article

In many legal systems, the use of force by criminal investigators to the juvenile has long been a divisive and passionately debated topic. Juvenile and child are two words which contain the same meaning, thus the person under the age of eighteen years old. In Tanzania the laws applicable in application of force to the […]

The Rule of Law is often considered as the foundation of equality, justice and fairness in democratic societies. But the real problem lies in analyzing that whether it truly function as an impartial and absolute system, or is it merely a belief – driven structure, sustained by public trust than by rigid enforcement. The article

Enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights is key to achieving adequate protection, even though in Nigeria, enforcement is hampered by fragmented legislation, prolonged judicial processes, and limited public awareness of IP rights.  Despite recent reforms of the Copyright Act in 2022, challenges persist, including rampant counterfeiting, digital piracy, and under-resourced enforcement agencies. South Africa, by

This paper examines pharmaceutical research and innovations in the context of the Bay-Dohle Act of 1980 and the subsequent developments in the legal framework concerning Cameroon. It highlights the shortcomings in research and challenges faced by universities in Cameroon, along with resulting deficiencies that stem from these issues. University-Industry Technology Transfer (U-ITT) is fundamental in

The distinction between hard and soft law in international law is an ongoing debate, particularly regarding the role of non-binding instruments in shaping legal norms. Hard law consists of binding treaties and customary law, as outlined in Article 38 of the ICJ Statute, while soft law encompasses non-binding resolutions, declarations, and guidelines that influence state

Time limitation is a crucial element to be considered before a prospective litigant decides to file his or her suit. Such aspect has its rationale in two Latin maxims of ‘interest rei publicae finit lituum’ and Vigilantibus non dormientibus subvenit lex’. To address the issue the Tanzanian Parliament passed the Law of Limitations Act in

This paper provides a critique of the English Common Law Real Property Concepts of Strict Settlements, the Rules Against Perpetuities and evaluates their applicability to selected Common Law jurisdictions. The two concepts impact on Land ownership in different countries. It scrutinizes the possibility of their existence today in the light of the constraints imposed by

Earlier Sec. 124 A of IPC, 1860 used to deal with ‘Sedition’. Now, it has been removed. However, Section 152 of BNS, 2023 criminalizes the acts that ‘incite secession, armed rebellion, or subversive activities, separatist activities that endanger India’s sovereignty, unity, and integrity’. Sedition punishes material that incites hate, contempt, or disaffection for the government

Insurgency and armed conflict have been a topical issue in Nigeria with devastating effects on the socioeconomic development of the country. The prevalence of this scourge has ravaged most parts of the Northern region of Nigeria. Different regimes in the country have grappled with armed conflicts and insurgencies in the past years with diverse results.

Freedom of the press is crucial for a healthy democracy, but it’s often challenged by government censorship, corporate interests, and technological limitations. Democracy can thrive not only under the vigilant eye of its Legislature, but also under the care and guidance of public opinion and the press is par excellence, the vehicle through which opinion